Glossary

Glossary

A complete reference guide to the ingredients, hormonal conditions, and skincare concepts behind the Modern Age Skin range. From perimenopause and estrogen to ceramides, adaptogens, and clean beauty certifications, every term explained in plain language, grounded in the science of hormonal skin change.

Adaptogen
A class of plant-derived compounds that help the body — and skin — respond to physical stress more effectively. In skincare, adaptogenic ingredients work by supporting the skin's own regulation systems, helping it stay balanced when hormonal fluctuations, environmental exposure, or inflammation push it toward visible reactivity. Rather than forcing a single outcome, adaptogens respond to what the skin needs in a given moment. Modern Age Skin uses Schisandra berry and Monk's Pepper (Vitex Agnus Castus) for their adaptogenic properties. See also: Schisandra Berry Extract, Vitex Agnus Castus, Hormonal fluctuations
Age-positive
A philosophy that treats aging as a natural, worthy stage of life rather than a condition to be corrected or concealed. Age-positive skincare addresses the real, functional changes skin undergoes over time — changes in moisture retention, barrier strength, cell turnover, and hormonal balance — without framing those changes as failures. Modern Age Skin was founded on an age-positive philosophy, reflected in its commitment to formulating solutions rather than selling reversals. See also: Anti anti-aging
AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid)
A category of water-soluble acids derived from natural sources that loosen the bonds holding dead skin cells to the surface, allowing them to shed more efficiently. AHAs support cell turnover and can improve the appearance of uneven texture, dullness, and dry patches over time. In perimenopausal and menopausal skin, where cell turnover naturally slows due to declining estrogen levels, AHAs provide gentle, progressive exfoliation. Modern Age Skin uses a buffered combination of lactic acid and glycolic acid in a time-released delivery system designed to minimize irritation. See also: Lactic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Cell turnover, Exfoliation
Alpine Rose Extract
A purified botanical active derived from the leaves of the alpine rose, a hardy plant native to the Swiss Alps that has evolved to withstand extreme environmental conditions including intense UV exposure, cold, and low humidity. In skincare, alpine rose extract brings those same adaptive qualities to the skin — calming inflammation, reducing redness, and supporting the skin's resilience against environmental stressors. It also has documented rejuvenating effects on aging skin, making it particularly well-suited to perimenopausal and menopausal skin that is managing both heightened reactivity and the visible signs of hormonal change. Modern Age Skin includes Alpine Rose Extract in The Innovator as a key active. See also: Adaptogen, Skin barrier, Reactive skin, The Innovator
Androgens
A group of hormones — including testosterone — present in both women and men, produced primarily by the adrenal glands and ovaries. In women, androgens regulate sebum production, influence hair growth, and play a role in libido and energy. During perimenopause, androgen levels do not decline as sharply as estrogen, which means their influence on the skin becomes more pronounced in relative terms. This androgenic dominance is the primary driver of unexpected oiliness, hormonal acne, and sebum dysregulation that many women experience in their 40s despite also dealing with skin dryness and thinning. See also: Sebum, Hormonal acne, Estrogen, Perimenopause
Andropause
The gradual, age-related decline in testosterone and other androgens in men, typically beginning in the mid-40s to early 50s. Unlike female menopause, andropause is a slow, continuous decline rather than a distinct transition. The skin effects parallel those seen in female hormonal aging: reduced collagen production, slower cell turnover, decreased skin density, and changes in sebum regulation. Modern Age Skin's Vitex Agnus Castus ingredient is specifically researched for its effects on skin density and elasticity in both women and men over 50. See also: Vitex Agnus Castus, Skin density, Collagen, Hormonal fluctuations
Anti anti-aging
The founding philosophy of Modern Age Skin. While the traditional beauty industry has long framed aging as something to fight, reverse, or conceal, the anti anti-aging perspective holds that the goal should be skin that feels healthy, comfortable, and functional — not skin that looks twenty years younger. This shift in intent changes everything about how products are formulated and how results are measured. Skincare that works with hormonal change rather than against it is anti anti-aging in practice. See also: Age-positive, Perimenopause, Menopause
Beta-endorphin
A naturally occurring compound in the skin that plays a role in regulating skin density and the rate at which skin cells renew. During menopause and perimenopause, beta-endorphin activity in skin tissue declines alongside hormonal changes, contributing to a loss of firmness and fullness. Modern Age Skin's Catalyst serum includes a COSMOS-approved ingredient selected specifically to stimulate beta-endorphin activity in the skin, helping to address this dimension of hormonal skin aging. See also: DHEA, Skin density, Perimenopause
Bioactive
An ingredient that produces a measurable biological effect on the skin's cells or systems — not simply coating the surface, but interacting with the skin at a functional level. Bioactive ingredients may stimulate collagen production, regulate sebum activity, modulate inflammation, or support barrier repair. Modern Age Skin prioritizes bioactive formulations, meaning every ingredient is selected for a demonstrated function, not for label appeal. See also: Collagen, Skin barrier, Ceramide complex
Bioadaptive
A formulation approach in which the product is designed to respond to the skin's changing needs rather than delivering a fixed outcome. Bioadaptive skincare acknowledges that perimenopausal and menopausal skin is not static — it can be oily one week and dry the next, reactive in one season and tolerant in another. Products formulated with bioadaptive principles use ingredients that adjust their behavior depending on the skin's current state, making them more reliably effective across the full range of hormonal skin changes. See also: Adaptogen, Perimenopause, Skin barrier
Camellia oil
A lightweight, fast-absorbing plant oil cold-pressed from the seeds of the Camellia plant, often called the beauty oil of East Asia where it has been used for centuries in skin and hair care. Camellia oil is classified as a dry oil — it absorbs quickly into the skin without leaving a greasy residue — and carries a high concentration of antioxidants that protect against free radical damage, support the skin's natural renewal process, and help maintain a smooth, nourished complexion. It is particularly valued for mature skin because it delivers rich nourishment without weight. Modern Age Skin includes certified organic Camellia oil in The Innovator. See also: Free radicals, Oxidative stress, Cell turnover, The Innovator
Cell turnover
The continuous process by which the skin generates new cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis and moves them to the surface, where older cells shed naturally. In younger skin, this cycle completes roughly every 28 days. As estrogen levels decline during perimenopause and menopause, cell turnover slows noticeably — leading to a buildup of dead skin cells that can make skin appear dull, feel rough, and hold onto dry patches longer. Supporting cell turnover through gentle exfoliation is one of the primary goals of an effective perimenopausal skincare routine. See also: AHA, Exfoliation, Estrogen, Perimenopause
Ceramide complex
A concentrated blend of ceramide molecules — specifically Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, and Ceramide EOP — that mirrors the lipid composition naturally found in a healthy skin barrier. Ceramides are fat-soluble compounds that fill the spaces between skin cells in the outermost layer, holding moisture in and keeping irritants out. During perimenopause and menopause, ceramide levels in the skin decline along with estrogen, weakening the barrier and increasing moisture loss. Topical ceramide complexes help replenish and reinforce this structure. See also: Skin barrier, Estrogen, Moisture retention
Clean beauty
A formulation standard in which products are developed without ingredients that pose known risks to human health, hormonal function, or the environment. Modern Age Skin defines clean beauty through both exclusion and transparency: excluded ingredients include parabens, phthalates, formaldehyde, chemical sunscreens, cyclic silicones, BHA, BHT, and other known carcinogens, hormone disruptors, or sensitizers. Clean beauty at Modern Age Skin is a practice, not a marketing label. See also: COSMOS approved, EcoCert, Sustainably sourced
Climacteric
The broader biological transition that encompasses the full arc of hormonal change surrounding menopause — from the earliest signs of perimenopause through the post-menopausal years. The climacteric is not a single event but a prolonged phase during which the reproductive system winds down and the body adapts to lower levels of estrogen and progesterone. Understanding the climacteric as a continuum, rather than a moment, is important context for understanding why skin care needs can shift and evolve throughout this life stage. See also: Perimenopause, Menopause, Post-menopause, Estrogen, Progesterone
Collagen
The primary structural protein in the skin, responsible for its firmness, elasticity, and ability to bounce back after movement. The skin's collagen network is maintained in part by estrogen, which is why collagen production declines significantly in the years surrounding menopause. Skincare that supports the skin's own collagen activity — through adaptogens, bioactive ingredients, or barrier protection — addresses one of the most visible aspects of hormonal skin change. See also: Estrogen, Skin density, Skin elasticity
Cortisol
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to physical or emotional stress. In the skin, elevated cortisol disrupts the skin barrier, increases inflammatory sensitivity, and can trigger or worsen conditions including hormonal acne, rosacea, and reactive skin. During perimenopause, cortisol levels are often harder to regulate as the hormonal support systems that previously buffered stress responses become less stable. The adaptogenic ingredients in Modern Age Skin products — including Schisandra berry — are selected in part for their ability to help the skin manage cortisol-related reactivity. See also: Adaptogen, Schisandra Berry Extract, Skin barrier, Reactive skin, Rosacea
COSMOS approved
A certification standard for natural and organic cosmetic ingredients developed by a coalition of European certification bodies. COSMOS approval confirms that an ingredient meets defined criteria for natural origin, responsible sourcing, and minimal environmental impact. Modern Age Skin selects COSMOS-approved ingredients where available, and identifies them in ingredient lists with an asterisk. See also: EcoCert, Clean beauty, Sustainably sourced
Cruelty-free
A product and brand standard confirming that no animal testing was conducted at any stage of development, ingredient sourcing, or finished product evaluation. Modern Age Skin holds Leaping Bunny certification — the gold standard for cruelty-free verification — which requires both the brand and its ingredient suppliers to meet these criteria. See also: Vegan, Clean beauty
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
A naturally occurring hormone precursor that contributes to the regulation of skin density, sebum balance, and cell renewal. Levels of DHEA decline with age and during the perimenopausal transition, contributing to visible changes in skin firmness and texture. Modern Age Skin's Catalyst serum uses a COSMOS-approved ingredient that works to stimulate DHEA activity in skin tissue without introducing synthetic hormones. See also: Beta-endorphin, Skin density, Perimenopause
Early menopause
Menopause that occurs between the ages of 40 and 44, earlier than the typical range but not as early as premature menopause. Early menopause may occur naturally or be triggered by medical treatment, including certain chemotherapy protocols or surgical procedures. Skin adapts to the same hormonal shifts as in typical menopause — reduced estrogen, collagen loss, barrier weakening — but these changes arrive at a life stage when they may feel more unexpected and less discussed. Effective skincare is equally relevant and equally effective for early menopause as for menopause at any age. See also: Premature menopause, Surgical menopause, Menopause, Estrogen
EcoCert
An independent certification body that verifies the natural and organic origin of cosmetic ingredients, as well as sustainable sourcing and production practices. EcoCert certification requires that a defined percentage of ingredients come from natural sources and that certain synthetic chemicals are excluded. Modern Age Skin selects EcoCert-certified ingredients where available as part of its broader clean formulation commitment. See also: COSMOS approved, Clean beauty, Sustainably sourced
Estrogen
A primary female sex hormone that plays a significant role in skin health. Estrogen supports collagen production, maintains skin moisture levels, promotes regular cell turnover, and helps regulate sebum production. As estrogen levels decline during perimenopause and menopause, skin often becomes drier, thinner, more reactive, and slower to renew. Understanding the connection between estrogen and skin behavior is foundational to understanding why perimenopausal skin requires a different approach to care. See also: Perimenopause, Menopause, Collagen, Cell turnover, Sebum
Exfoliation
The process of removing accumulated dead skin cells from the skin's surface to reveal smoother skin beneath and encourage more active cell turnover. For perimenopausal and menopausal skin, which tends to be more sensitive and reactive, chemical exfoliation with buffered, time-released acids is generally preferable to physical scrubbing. Modern Age Skin's approach prioritizes gradual, comfortable results. See also: AHA, Lactic acid, Glycolic acid, Cell turnover
Free radicals
Unstable molecules produced by the body and in response to environmental exposure — including UV radiation, pollution, and stress — that damage skin cells by destabilizing healthy molecules. This process degrades collagen, disrupts the skin barrier, and accelerates visible skin aging. Protecting perimenopausal and menopausal skin from free radical damage is especially important as the skin's own antioxidant defenses become less efficient with age. See also: Oxidative stress, Photo-aging, Collagen
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the ovaries to produce estrogen and develop eggs. As ovarian function declines during perimenopause, the body increases FSH output in an attempt to compensate — making elevated FSH levels one of the blood markers healthcare providers use to assess menopausal status. While FSH does not directly affect the skin, it is a useful indicator of where someone is in the hormonal transition and helps explain why skin changes can begin years before the formal menopause milestone. See also: Estrogen, Perimenopause, Menopause
Glycolic acid
The smallest molecule in the alpha hydroxy acid family, derived from sugar cane. Its small molecular size allows it to penetrate the skin more readily than other AHAs. Modern Age Skin uses glycolic acid in a buffered, time-released water gel system that delivers the benefits of exfoliation progressively throughout the night, without the inflammation associated with direct high-concentration application. See also: AHA, Lactic acid, Exfoliation
Hormonal acne
Breakouts triggered by the fluctuation of androgens — particularly testosterone — rather than by excess bacteria or teenage sebum overproduction. Hormonal acne in perimenopause typically presents differently from teenage acne: it tends to appear along the jawline, chin, and lower face, arrives in a cyclical pattern tied to hormonal shifts, and occurs in skin that may simultaneously feel dry or thin. Because the cause is internal rather than topical, heavy cleansing and traditional acne products often worsen the skin. Gentle, barrier-supporting skincare that does not strip sebum is more effective. See also: Androgens, Sebum, Skin barrier, Perimenopause, Hormonal fluctuations
Hormonal fluctuations
The natural, often irregular shifts in estrogen, progesterone, and androgen levels that occur during perimenopause and continue through menopause. These fluctuations are the underlying driver of many visible skin changes — including oiliness, dryness, sensitivity, breakouts, and loss of firmness — that women in their 40s and 50s often cannot explain through their existing skincare routine. Hormonal fluctuations are a predictable biological transition that targeted skincare can be designed to accommodate. See also: Perimenopause, Menopause, Estrogen, Androgens, Sebum
Hormone therapy
A medical treatment that supplements declining estrogen and/or progesterone levels during perimenopause and menopause to manage symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep disruption, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Hormone therapy can also slow certain skin changes associated with estrogen loss — including collagen decline and barrier thinning. It is a personal medical decision with both benefits and considerations, and one that Modern Age Skin does not advocate for or against. Our products are formulated to support skin health regardless of whether someone is using hormone therapy, considering it, or has chosen not to. See also: Estrogen, Progesterone, Perimenopause, Menopause, Collagen
Hyaluronic acid
A naturally occurring compound in skin and connective tissue that has a remarkable capacity to attract and hold water. Modern Age Skin uses an ultra-low molecular weight form (hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate) in The Catalyst, chosen specifically for its ability to penetrate more deeply into the skin and hydrate at the cellular level rather than sitting on the surface. See also: Moisture retention, Skin barrier
Hyperpigmentation
An umbrella term for areas of skin that produce more melanin than the surrounding tissue, resulting in patches or spots that appear darker than the baseline skin tone. During perimenopause and menopause, hormonal changes can destabilize melanin production — the same mechanism that causes melasma during pregnancy. Sun exposure compounds this effect significantly, which is why photo-aging and hyperpigmentation often accelerate together during the perimenopausal transition. Consistent barrier support and sun protection are the most effective prevention strategies. See also: Photo-aging, Estrogen, Hormonal fluctuations, Oxidative stress
Induced menopause
Menopause brought on by medical treatment rather than natural hormonal decline — most commonly by chemotherapy, radiation therapy targeting the pelvic area, or medications that suppress ovarian function as part of cancer treatment. Induced menopause can occur at any age and typically produces more abrupt hormonal changes than natural perimenopause, since the gradual transitional period is bypassed. The resulting skin changes — barrier disruption, increased dryness, heightened sensitivity — can be more sudden and pronounced, and gentle, supportive skincare is particularly important during this time. See also: Surgical menopause, Early menopause, Premature menopause, Estrogen
Lactic acid
A mild alpha hydroxy acid with a larger molecular size than glycolic acid, resulting in slower skin penetration and a gentler exfoliating action. Lactic acid is well-suited to sensitive skin types and also has mild humectant properties — it can attract and hold a small amount of moisture alongside its exfoliating function. Modern Age Skin includes it alongside glycolic acid in a time-released system for progressive overnight exfoliation. See also: AHA, Glycolic acid, Exfoliation
Maracuja oil
A deeply nourishing plant oil cold-pressed from the seeds of the passion fruit (Passiflora Incarnata). Maracuja oil carries an exceptionally high concentration of antioxidants, particularly linoleic acid, that work to reinforce the skin's barrier function and shield the skin from environmental stressors including pollution, UV exposure, and temperature fluctuations. For perimenopausal and menopausal skin, where barrier integrity is already compromised by declining estrogen, the protective and strengthening properties of maracuja oil make it a well-suited carrier oil. Modern Age Skin includes it in The Innovator. See also: Skin barrier, Free radicals, Oxidative stress, The Innovator
Menopause
The biological milestone defined as twelve consecutive months without a menstrual period, marking the end of the reproductive phase of a woman's life. The sustained decline in estrogen that accompanies menopause produces lasting changes in skin behavior, including reduced collagen production, slower cell turnover, decreased sebum output, and compromised barrier function. Menopause is not the beginning of decline; it is a transition that skincare can be designed to support. See also: Perimenopause, Post-menopause, Estrogen, Collagen
Moisture retention
The skin's ability to hold water within its layers rather than allowing it to evaporate through the surface. Healthy moisture retention depends on a functioning skin barrier, adequate ceramide levels, and the presence of natural moisturizing factors in the skin. During perimenopause and menopause, declining estrogen reduces ceramide production and natural moisturizing factor activity, making moisture retention a primary concern. See also: Skin barrier, Ceramide complex, Hyaluronic acid, TEWL
Monk's Pepper Berry Extract
A plant-derived active extracted from the fruit of the chaste tree (Vitex Agnus Castus), used in skincare specifically for its effect on hormonal skin changes in women and men over 50. Monk's Pepper Berry works by moderating the androgenic activity that contributes to sebum dysregulation, hormonal breakouts, and the loss of skin density and elasticity associated with the perimenopausal transition. Unlike phytoestrogenic ingredients that mimic estrogen, Monk's Pepper Berry operates through a different hormonal pathway — targeting the androgen-driven changes that often cause the most visible and most confusing skin changes during perimenopause. Modern Age Skin includes Monk's Pepper Berry Extract in The Catalyst as part of its hormonal skin support approach. See also: Vitex Agnus Castus, Androgens, Skin density, Skin elasticity, Perimenopause
Oxidative stress
A state of imbalance in which the skin is exposed to more free radicals than its antioxidant defenses can neutralize. Oxidative stress damages cell membranes, degrades collagen and elastin, and accelerates visible aging. In perimenopausal and menopausal skin, reduced estrogen also decreases the skin's natural antioxidant capacity, increasing susceptibility to this kind of damage. See also: Free radicals, Photo-aging, Collagen
Perimenopause
The transitional phase leading up to menopause, during which the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone. Perimenopause can begin in a woman's late 30s or early 40s and may last from a few years to over a decade. During this period, hormonal fluctuations are often irregular, which is reflected in unpredictable skin behavior — skin may be oily one month and dry the next. Perimenopause is the life stage Modern Age Skin was specifically built to address. See also: Menopause, Estrogen, Progesterone, Hormonal fluctuations
Photo-aging
The cumulative damage to skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photo-aging manifests as uneven pigmentation, breakdown of the collagen and elastin network, coarsened texture, and a compromised skin barrier. For perimenopausal and menopausal skin, which is already managing collagen loss driven by declining estrogen, minimizing photo-aging through consistent sun protection is an important complementary strategy. See also: Oxidative stress, Free radicals, Collagen, Hyperpigmentation
Phytoestrogens
Naturally occurring plant compounds that have a mild structural resemblance to estrogen and can weakly interact with estrogen receptors in the body. Phytoestrogens are found in soy, flaxseed, red clover, and certain other plants — including the unsaponifiable fraction of sunflower seed oil. Some people seek out phytoestrogenic ingredients during menopause in hopes of compensating for declining estrogen, though the evidence for topical efficacy is still developing. Modern Age Skin does not use soy or soy-derived ingredients — a deliberate formulation choice — while selectively incorporating plant-based ingredients with mild phytoestrogenic properties, such as Sunflower Seed Unsaponifiables in The Innovator, where the activity is targeted and well-characterized. See also: Estrogen, Sunflower Seed Unsaponifiables, Hormonal fluctuations, Clean beauty
Post-menopause
The phase of life that follows menopause, beginning after twelve consecutive months without a menstrual period. In post-menopause, hormone levels remain consistently low rather than fluctuating as in perimenopause. Skin changes that began during the perimenopausal transition — including reduced density, moisture challenges, and slower renewal — often continue and benefit from targeted, supportive formulation. See also: Menopause, Perimenopause, Estrogen
Premature menopause
Menopause that occurs before the age of 40, either spontaneously due to premature ovarian insufficiency (where the ovaries stop functioning fully before their expected time) or as a result of medical intervention. Premature menopause affects a small percentage of women and can be particularly difficult to navigate because it arrives at an age when most peers are not experiencing the same changes. The skin implications are the same as for menopause at any age — estrogen loss, barrier compromise, collagen decline — but they occur in a different life context and often without the community and information resources available to those experiencing menopause at a more typical age. See also: Early menopause, Surgical menopause, Menopause, Estrogen
Progesterone
A female sex hormone produced primarily by the ovaries, working alongside estrogen to regulate the menstrual cycle. In the skin, progesterone influences fluid retention, sebum regulation, and inflammatory sensitivity. During perimenopause, progesterone levels often begin declining before estrogen does, which can contribute to early changes in skin reactivity, increased sensitivity, and shifts in oiliness. Understanding progesterone's role helps explain why some women notice skin changes earlier in the perimenopausal transition than estrogen-focused discussions would suggest. See also: Estrogen, Perimenopause, Sebum, Hormonal fluctuations
Reactive skin
A skin state — distinct from naturally sensitive skin — in which the barrier has become compromised enough that the skin overreacts to products, temperatures, or environmental factors it would previously have tolerated. Reactive skin is a consequence, not a fixed skin type: it develops when the barrier is repeatedly disrupted or when hormonal changes reduce the barrier's integrity. During perimenopause and menopause, reactive skin is extremely common. The path back to calm skin is almost always through barrier repair rather than through more aggressive treatment. See also: Skin barrier, Sensitizer, Hormonal fluctuations, Cortisol
Rosacea
A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes papules, primarily affecting the face. Rosacea tends to become more pronounced during perimenopause due to the skin's increased reactivity and reduced barrier function. Modern Age Skin's products are formulated without common rosacea triggers, making them suitable for those managing this condition alongside hormonal skin changes. See also: Skin barrier, Hormonal fluctuations, Sensitizer, Vasomotor symptoms
Rosehip seed oil
A vitamin-rich plant oil cold-pressed from the seeds of the wild rosehip. Rosehip seed oil is particularly high in fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants that work to neutralize free radicals, support skin cell renewal, and improve the appearance of uneven texture and tone over time. Its vitamin content also contributes anti-aging activity by encouraging the skin to turn over more actively — a benefit especially relevant to perimenopausal and menopausal skin, where cell turnover has naturally slowed. Modern Age Skin includes certified organic Rosehip Seed Oil in The Innovator. See also: Cell turnover, Free radicals, Oxidative stress, The Innovator
Schisandra berry extract
A plant-derived adaptogenic ingredient sourced from the Schisandra vine, used in skincare for its ability to calm skin reactivity, reduce the appearance of redness, and help the skin adapt to stress-related changes. Schisandra is EcoCert and COSMOS-approved. In The Catalyst, it works alongside AHAs and ceramides to counterbalance any temporary sensitivity that can accompany the exfoliation process. See also: Adaptogen, COSMOS approved, EcoCert, Cortisol
Sebum
The oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands, composed of fatty acids, wax esters, and triglycerides. Sebum contributes to the skin's surface barrier and slows moisture evaporation. During perimenopause, sebum production is regulated by androgens that can fluctuate independently of estrogen — producing unexpected oiliness even as the skin simultaneously experiences dryness and thinning. This combination is a specific focus of Modern Age Skin's formulation work. See also: Androgens, Hormonal fluctuations, Skin barrier, Estrogen